The permanent increase in blood pressure is observed in the approximate population by the Adult Planet. On the risk group of arterial hypertension are people over 40, mostly men. Representatives of the opposite sex suffer from this disease, but much less and usually in the older age. In women, arterial hypertension usually occurs after 50 years, during menopause. This is due to the imbalance of hormone in the body due to the cessation of the production of sexual hormones with egg pillows.
Fortunately, modern medicine has extensive arsenal of cardiotopropic drugs that allow you to control blood pressure in patients, which prevents the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and forecasting patients. At the same time, the patient's lifestyle plays an important role in the efficiency of treatment, in all cases of diseases, it is recommended to reject bad habits, body weight, moderate physical activity, sales table limit.
What is arterial hypertension
This is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (essential hypertension) and continue within the symptoms of other diseases.
Vascular hundreds in constant tension change and lose their functions, it affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important, with a persistent increase in blood pressure above 130/80 mm HGZA testing and selection of medicines, contact a doctor or cardiologist for testing and selecting medications for regular blood pressure control.
Depending on the pressure indicators, 3 degrees of arterial hypertension are different. The first characterizes the increase in systolic pressure at 160 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm Hg. Art. The second features indicators up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - more than 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. Respectively. During diagnosis, only one indicator is sufficient to diagnose arterial hypertension and establishing a degree.
Reasons
An exhaustive list of factors causing the disease does not exist, but scientists have managed to establish direct dependence of arterial hypertension on some diseases, conditions and habits involving:
- hereditary predisposition;
- extended stress;
- excess body weight;
- Diabetes and other endocrine disorders in history;
- Kidney diseases, adrenal glands;
- Age - changes in the circulation system;
- Too much consumption of salt;
- the use of hormonal contraception;
- Alcoholic beverage abuse, smoking;
- Uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictive nasal drops, coffee abuse.
- lack of physical activity;
- Staros old age.
Symptoms
Patients cannot experience any symptoms of arterial hypertension, with long-term syndrome, due to the adaptation of blood vessels to a high arterial pressure number. Characteristic signs of disease, headaches, non-system gardens may vary. "Fly" in the eyes, tides, can abide by the quick heart beat, nasal bleeding and noise in the ears in the ears.
The above signs can be more or less pronounced, depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, regardless of the degree of their manifestation, it is necessary to seek medical assistance for the normalization of blood pressure, careful examination and prescribing therapy in any case.
If the pathology does not monitor any symptoms, it does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the state of vascular walls. To discover asymptomatic hypertension in people from risk groups, it is recommended to control the pressure using a tonometer regularly.
In addition to increasing blood pressure above 140 by 90 mm Hg. Art. , As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headaches, shortness of breath, heart pain, bleeding should be caused by emergency assistance. A hypertonic crisis as a complication, a condition that requires emergency medical care. In the absence of such, the state can acquire a life character and lead to severe complications, and even the death of the patient.
Diagnostics
When the first suspicious symptoms appear, above all, it is important to visit a therapist or cardiologist. At the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects anamnesis.
Specialist explains the necessary data to determine the testing and treatment tactics. It contains simultaneous chronic diseases, taking drugs, bad habits, heredity in cardiovascular diseases and patients physical activity.
Then the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies. Clinical Protocols are recommended to direct the patient on general clinical blood and urine, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), creatinine, urine, t3 and t4 free to assess the thyroid gland.
It is necessary to conduct electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily monitoring of blood pressure (MAMD). Send a patient of a doctor for an ophthalmologist to examine bloody vessels. The presence of the retina angiopathy is one of their most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.
Treatment of arterial hypertension
The direction of therapy depends on the degree of arterial hypertension, state seriousness, the causes of pathology and other factors. First of all, it is important to change the way of life: to leave bad habits, connect regular training or long walks in fresh air and leave a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular use of medications, daily blood pressure monitoring.
In some cases, surgical intervention requires (for example, the removal of neoplasm in the adrenal glands). If the pathological process is secondary (the result of the disease), treatment should be focused on removing the main disease.
Recommended medications
The therapy scheme was developed for each patient individually. As a rule, the following funds are used for therapy:
- ACE inhibitors. Such drugs reduce pressure by reducing overall peripheral vascular resistance. Are the first lines and released towards the doctor's prescription.
- Angiotenzine II receptor antagonists have a similar effects mechanism, are prescribed for intolerance on ACE inhibitors or in the presence of contraindices.
- Beta blockers. They work due to blocking β1 adrenergic receptors found in the heart. This leads to a change in heart innervation, reduce frequency and strength of heart contractions, pressure reduction. Priority in patients with concurrent heart rate disorders.
- Calcium antagonists. Their main real estate is the ability to restore inhibiting calcium movement in the structure cell. This class drugs relieves according to the doctor's prescription.
- Sedatives. Showed in cases where arterial hypertension causes stress. Safe medication on herbal basis include a newbies, mothers, valerian extract in the form of tablets.
- Some vitamin mineral complexes and additives can be useful.
There are contraindications. Specialist consultations are needed.
All medicines, dosage and duration of application should be determined by a doctor attending. Most drugs were released in pharmacies just according to recipes, because with uncontrolled use can cause serious unwanted reactions to death.
Prevention
Clinical recommendations for preventing arterial hypertension refer to the elimination of all existing factors that can cause the development of the pathological process. First of all, minimizing stressful situations, abandon bad habits, tension the body, bordering salt, sharp, regularly monitoring pressure indicators, especially if there are risks of hypertension related to hereditary factor.
If significant hypertension is already diagnosed, the patient is prescribed by antihypertensive drugs for regular entry, followed by blood pressure control. Targeted blood pressure indicators according to current clinical protocols<130 / 80 mm Hg